欧洲殖民
1670s - 1820
The French were most likely the first Europeans to explore southeast Missouri. When the Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette and commercial trader Louis Joliet made their inaugural trip down the Mississippi in 1673, they became the first documented Europeans to set foot in the region. After the British victory in the French and Indian War, France seceded its claim to land west of the Mississippi to Spain, although many Frenchmen and their families chose to cross the Mississippi River to the west side choosing Spain over England as their sovereign, 即使是暂时的.
在西班牙统治下
Spanish control in what is now southeast Missouri began after the French and Indian War. The Spanish loosely governed its land west of the Mississippi River. Spain chose to divide the area west of the Mississippi into five districts: St. 查尔斯,圣. 路易斯,Ste. 吉纳维夫,吉拉多角和新马德里. 在西班牙的控制下, 法国殖民者开始在这一地区探险, Francois and Joseph Lesieur are credited with the first settlement in southeast Missouri settling just north of present day New Madrid (the French called the settlement L'Anse a la Graisse, 1783年至1796年间的某个时间.
The Lesieurs placed their trading post near present day New Madrid in order to capitalize off of the lucrative trade with the local Shawnee and Delaware Indians. 大约在1794或1795年, they expanded their business south near present day Caruthersville calling the little settlement, 小草原. Later, 1811年地震之后, Lesieur moved the 小草原 trading post to Point Pleasant east of present day Portageville. 乔治·摩根, 革命老兵变成了土地投机者, sought permission to create a Spanish colony from the mouth of the Ohio to present day Helena, Arkansas. Initially the Spanish government was interested and encouraged Morgan to survey the proposed land. Morgan chose to plat and map what became known as New Madrid. 最后, Morgan only received permission to colonize those he initially brought into Spanish territory. He was rewarded with his efforts to colonize southeast Missouri with thousands of acres of land the position of assistant commandant of New Madrid. 路易斯安那州的西班牙总督, 州长米罗, appointed Pierre Foucher as the commandant of New Madrid. 他负责出售西班牙的土地, 主持对西班牙的宣誓, and building a fort at New Madrid with more than two dozen soldiers, 叫做塞莱斯特堡.
随着19世纪的来临, most of the settlers in southeast Missouri were French and lived within close proximity of the Mississippi River. 来自伊利诺伊州的移民, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee began migrating slowly into the region as well. The settlers that lived along the river tended to at first mainly focus on trading with the local Native Americans, 到1800年, were already slowly moving west to escape the newly arriving settlers. As the population grew, so too did the need to focus more on farming than on trapping or trading. 至少从1794年开始, 玉米成为新马德里及其周边地区的主要作物, this increase in agriculture led to an increase in population. Another factor that led to growth in the region in the late 1700s was the creation of the El Camino, 或国王高速公路, 从新马德里一直延伸到圣. Louis.
从西班牙语到法语,再到美国语
西班牙于1800年将路易斯安那归还给法国. Needing to fuel his European conquests, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte sold Louisiana to the U.S. 1803年以1500万美元的价格成交. The population of southeast Missouri grew substantially from 1800 to 1804, 从几个居民变成了1个,350. Of those it was estimated that 2/3 were English born, while 1/3 was French. Those land grants received by the Spanish were honored by the French as long as the owner had followed the many steps it took to successfully receive an original Spanish land grant. As more people moved into the area, more river traffic sought to cash in on the newly settled land. 木材被砍下来装上船, locals continued to trade with what Native Americans remained, and the number of farms grew and expanded from corn to cotton.
在它成为美国领土的头十年里, southeast Missouri grew at a slow rate simply because of the vast swampland that inhabited over half of the region. Travel was difficult across the fingerlike maze of small creeks, rivers, and shallow lakes. To make matters worse a series of earthquakes hit the region in 1811 and 1812. The damage was so severe that Congress issued one of its first federal relief packages for a natural disaster, 新马德里及其周边地区的市民. After the earthquakes when local fears of another series of earthquakes subsided, 越来越多的人开始迁移到这个地区. Enough people had arrived there and elsewhere in the state that President James Madison created Missouri as a territory in 1812. 获得州地位的努力早在1817年就开始了, but the southern boundary of the state among other arguments, 推迟投票.
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John Hardeman Walker moved to Missouri about 1810 settling near 小草原 in Pemiscot县. Walker owned a vast cattle plantation throughout swampland that was not originally included as the southern boundary of Missouri (it was originally going to follow the 36 degree 30' north latitude, 或田纳西州的上边界). 沃克是一个有影响力的人, 如果不是整个地区最有影响力的, he began to petition Congress and the provisional territory government to include his vast landholding. 他的催促起了作用, the territorial legislature asked Congress to include Walker's land by extending the southeast boundary south to 36 degrees north latitude. It also requested more land to the west and north of the territorial boundary (some of which it acquired). 《买球app软件》于1820年签署成为法律, 其中包括密苏里州新增加的“bootheel”.